英语中的非谓语动词

• ❌The rabbit likes eat carrot.
• ❌The rabbit like eat carrot.

• ❌The rabbit is happy eat a carrot.

谓语动词VS非谓语动词

• 因为谓语动词受到了时间状态语气和主语的限制，如下面的eat：
  • The rabbit eats a carrot. 【被限定为第三人称单数】
  • The rabbit ate a carrot.
  • The rabbit is eating a carrot.
  • The rabbit has eaten a carrot.

• 时态气都无法表达，也不受主语的限制，如下面的红色部分：
  • I like to eat carrots.
  • I liked eating carrots.
  • I am a talking rabbit.
  • The rabbit likes minced carrots.

• ❌I am a rabbit, I eat carrots. 【错误因为一句话出现两个谓语动词】
• 改写，并列句(加连词)：I amd a rabbit, so I eat carrots.
• 改写，主句+从句：Because I am a rabbit, I eat carrots.

非谓语动词的分类：

• 不定式
• 动名词
• 现在分词
• 过去分词

动词不定式infinitive

• 不受时间、人称等概念的限制

动词不定式的形式：to + 动词原形

• To be or not to be, that is the question. 生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题
• To有时可以省略：You helped me (to) cook the carrot. 你帮我烧（做菜）了胡萝卜。

• To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit. 一天吃一根胡萝卜(这个行为)对兔子有好处。
• It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot every day.
  • It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.
  • It是形式主语
  • 完全等于 ==  It is good that the rabbit eats a carrot every day.

• The rabbit likes to eat carrots.
• I consider the rabbit smart. 主谓宾宾补
  • I consider it important to eat a carrot every day.
  • It是形式宾语

• The rabbit expected the wolf to eat a carrot. 兔子指望狼吃一根胡萝卜。
  • 补充说明狼发生的动作。
  • 其他动词：see,find watch,have,make,let ... + 不定时要省略to
  • Carrots make the rabbit feel happy.胡萝卜使兔子感到快乐。
• The waolf helped the rabbit (to) grow carrots.

• The rabbit's dream is to eat evey kind of carrot in the world.
• 可以改写为不定时做主语：To eat every kind of carrot in the world is the rabbit's dream.

• The rabbit has a lot of carrots to eat. 兔子由很多胡萝卜要吃。不定式做后置定语修饰carrots，表示这些胡萝卜是要拿来吃的。

• 表原因：I was surprised to get a thumbs-up.
  • 我很开心(因为)得到一个赞。
  • 等同于原因状语从句：I was surprised because I got a thumbs-up.
• 表目的：I will do anything to get a thumbs-up.
  • 我为了能得到一个赞会做任何事
  • 等同于目的状语从句：I will do anything in order that I can get a thumbs-up.
• 表结果：I got enough thumbs-up to make another video.
  • 我得到足够的赞，可以去做另一个视频啦！
  • 等同于结果状语从句：I got enough thumbs-up, so that I make another video. 我得到了很多点赞，于是我做了另一个视频。

• to be eating a carrot
  • The rabbit seemed to be eating a carrot. 这兔子之前似乎再吃一根胡萝卜（的过程中）
• to have eaten a carrot
  • The rabbit will appear to have eaten a carrot. 这兔子之后会看起来像是吃过了一根胡萝卜
• to have been eating a carrot

• it是形式宾语，指代的是to learn English